原创 新人教版核心词汇全方位拓展 选必B1U5

原创资源：新人教版核心词汇全方位拓展‍‍
单元	文案	PPT制作
选必B1U4	宋夫利，吴娜	庞俏玲  李玲  李金秋  吴娟娟

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Unit 5 Working the land
作者：宋夫利、吴娜
Contents：

1.devote     

2.shortage           

3.convince     

4.assumption       

5.overcome        

6.estimate       

7.essential       

8.alternative       

9.root         

10.aspect      

11.characteristic

12.entirely

1.devote

[dɪˈvəʊt]  vt.      4次

【paraphrase】

vt. give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause

 vt. 把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于     

【formation】

第三人称单数： devotes现在分词： devoting过去式： devoted过去分词： devoted  派生词：n. devotion 关爱；奉献；专心

【多元例句】

例1：Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that millions of Chinese framers, to whom he has devoted his life.

---选B1 P50课本原句

例2：Regardless of the risk of getting infected, Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job.

---2020•全国Ⅰ卷·书面表达

例3：The Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages.

---2018·江苏卷· A篇阅读理解

例4：I feel that I’ve been given a second life to devote to something that is meaningful and enormous.  

---2017·天津卷·完形填空

例5：Now I can devote all my time to dark matter.  

---《生活大爆炸 第8季》

例6：" I have yet twelve hours to spare; I can devote them to that" .  

---《八十天环游地球》  

【短语互译】

1. devote…to…                 

2. sb. devote oneself to (doing) sth.                    

3. be devoted to                      

4. 一位慈爱的父亲                     

5. 一位忠诚的朋友                 

6. 忠于职守                   

【翻译句子】

1.他致力于科学的革新。

2.最后一学期的时间将全部用于专题研究。

3. 她全力倾注于自己的事业。

4.我敬重他对教学的热爱。

key:

【短语互译】

1.把……奉献给……

2.某人致力于干某事

3.致力于；献身于；专心于

4. a devoted father

5. a devoted friend

6. devotion to duty

【翻译句子】

1.He devoted his energies to the reformation of science.

2.The final term will be devoted to project work. 

3.She devoted herself to her career.

4. I respected his devotion to teaching.

2. shortage

['ʃɔːtɪdʒ]   n.    4次

【paraphrase】

n. a situation in which there is no enough of something that people need

  n. 不足；缺乏；短缺   

【formation】

名词复数：shortages 形容词：short  短的；矮的；短期的；短缺的；简略的

【多元例句】

例1：However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.

---选B1 P50

例2：The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.  

---2019•浙江卷·C篇阅读

例3：Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.

---2017•江苏卷·任务型阅读

【短语互译】

1. food shortage                  

2. energy shortage                    

3. labor shortage                     

4. 缺乏                     

5. 资金不足                 

【翻译句子】

1.这座工厂缺少熟练的工人。

2.因为缺乏资金，这个项目被推迟了。

3.在偏远地区急需老师。

key:

【短语互译】

1. 食物短缺

2. 能源短缺

3. 劳动力短缺

4. a shortage of

5. a shortage of funds

【翻译句子】

1.There was a shortage of skilled workers in this factory. 

2.Becuase of a shortage of funds, the project was put off. 

3.There is a desperate shortage of teachers in the remote areas.

3. convince

[kən'vɪns]  v.    7次

 【paraphrase】

vt. to make someone feel certain that something is true

vt. 使相信；使确信；说服     

【formation】

第三人称单数： convinces 过去式：convinced 过去分词：convinced 现在分词：convincing 形容词：convinced 确信的  convincing 令人信服的；有说服力的

【多元例句】

例1：Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.

---选B1 P50

例2：He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.  

---2020•全国二卷·C篇阅读

例3：Your father's not convinced it can be undone.

---《唐顿庄园第一季》

例4：I don't have time to convince you.

---《老友记第七季》

例5：I tell you he has genius. I'm convinced of it.

---《月亮与六便士》

例6：Now I must convince him and then I must kill him.

---《老人与海》

【短语互译】

1. convince beyond doubt                  

2. convince mother                    

3.convince thoroughly                     

4.使某人相信                     

5.说服某人做某事                 

6.确信...                   

【翻译句子】

1.她努力说服他陪伴孩子。

2.为了使我们相信他的诚实，他给我们列举了几个能让我们相信的有说服力的事例。

3.我相信你能适应新的环境。

4.我相信他使无辜的。

key:

【短语互译】

1. 确信无疑

2. 说服母亲

3. 完全相信

4. convince sb. of sth

5. convince sb. to do sth.

6. be convinced of sth.

【翻译句子】

1.She tried to convince him to accompany their children. 

2.In order to convince us of his honesty, he gave us several convincing cases which could make us convinced of it. 

3. I am convinced that you can adjust to the new environment.

4. I am convinced of her innocence.

4. assumption

[əˈsʌmpʃn] n.  8次

【paraphrase】

n.the act of taking possession of or power over something

   n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得      

【formation】

第三人称单数： assumes现在分词： assuming过去式： assumed过去分词： assumed

【多元例句】

例1：The common assumption then was that it could not be done.

---选B1 P50

例2：We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better.

---2019·江苏高考· 任务型阅读

例3：Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings?

---2018·全国卷Ⅲ· D篇阅读理解

例4：A bit later,they spotted what they, too, assumed was a dog running alongside a man on a bike.  

---2017·浙江卷·读后续写

例5：This assumption is wrong or greatly exaggerated.  

---《新概念英语.词汇随身听.第三册》

例6：Well, he was Italian. It's a reasonable assumption.

---《生活大爆炸 第4季》

【短语互译】

1. maka an assumption                 

2. be based on an assumption                   

3. assume……to be                     

4. assume that……                     

5.人们认为……                 

6. 假定……(引导条件状语从句，与if同义)                   

7. 做最坏的打算                     

【翻译句子】

1. 他的行为基于错误的设想。

2.他的设想证明是错误的。

3.他全权负责所有的组织工作。

4.在危急时刻，这些关系显得很重要。

key:

【短语互译】

1.做出假设

2.以假设为基础

3.认为……是……

4.假定，认为

5.It is assumed that……

6. assuming that

7. assume the worst

【翻译句子】

1.His actions were based on a false assumption. 

2.His assumption proved to be wrong.  

3.He assumed full responsibility for all organizational work.

4.These relationships assume great importance in times of crisis.

5. overcome

[ˌəʊvəˈkʌm] v.   6次

【paraphrase】

vt. win a victory over

vt.克服;解决;战胜;受到…的极大影响

 (常用于被动语态)受到……的极大影响      

【formation】

第三人称单数： overcomes现在分词： overcoming过去式： overcame过去分词： overcome

【多元例句】

例1：Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice.

---选B1 P50

例2：If you work hard, you will overcome this problem.

---北师大版必修五U14

例3：You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned.

---2019·全国卷Ⅱ·七选五

例4：Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.  

---2017·江苏卷·单项选择第22题

例5：We know that coronavirus will not overcome us.  

---《英国女王演讲》

例6：Of course, there were trials to overcome.

---《经济学人》

【短语互译】

1. overcome the enemy                 

2. overcome the difficulties                   

3. hard to overcome                     

4.抵制诱惑                     

5.克服恐惧                 

【翻译句子】

1.她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。

2. 丈夫去世时她悲痛欲绝。

3. 有些事给了我克服困难的勇气。

4.受到好奇心的驱使，小男孩向窗外望去。

key:

【短语互译】

1.战胜敌人

2.克服困难

3.很难克服

4. overcome the temptation

5. overcome fearfulness

【翻译句子】

1.She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal. 

2.She was overcome with grief when her husband died. 

3.Something gave me the strength to overcome the difficulty.

4. Overcome by curiosity, the boy looked out the window.

6.  estimate

[ˈestɪmət , ˈestɪmeɪt] v.

 4次- underestimate

【paraphrase】

n.an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth  vt. judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time)

n. 估计;估算;估价vt. 估计;估算;估价     

【formation】

第三人称单数： estimates复数： estimates现在分词： estimating过去式： estimated过去分词： estimated

【多元例句】

例1：Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.

---选B1 P50

例2：I have underestimated you as I didn’t know your background.

---2020·天津高考·B篇阅读理解

例3：The monkeys tended to underestimate a sum compared with a single symbol.

---2019·全国卷Ⅲ·D篇阅读理解

例4：Some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels.  

---2018·天津卷·C篇阅读理解

例5：It's estimated that a quarter of the population smokes.   

  ---《BBC 新闻词汇》

例6：An estimated 100 million small farmers worldwide grow coffee.  

---《VOA Daily Standard》  

【短语互译】

1. It is estimated that                 

2. be estimated to do sth.                   

3. overestimate sth.                     

4. underestimate sth.                     

5. 保守估计                 

6. 粗略估计                   

7. 准确估计                     

【翻译句子】

1.据估计，这项工程将持续四年。

2.我们估计要花费大约5000欧元。

3.修建这座医院估计要耗费200万英镑。

4.我们将寄上工程估算，仅供参考。

key:

【短语互译】

1.据估计

2.估计

3.高估某事

4.低估某事

5.a conservative estimate

6. at a rough estimate

7.an accurate estimate

【翻译句子】

1.It is estimated the project will last four years. 

2.We estimated it would cost about € 5 000. 

3.The hospital will cost an estimated £ 2 million to build. 

4.We will send you an estimate for the work without obligation. 

7.essential

[ɪ'senʃl]  adj.  3次

【paraphrase】

adj. extremely important and necessary

adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的    

【formation】

副词：essentially

【多元例句】

例1：They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and the often have less flavor as well.

---选B1 P55

例2：It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become.  

---2019·天津高考·A篇阅读理解

例3：Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.

---2017·江苏高考·单项选择

例4：If she should ever tell me that you are essential to her perfect happiness, I will give her to you.  

  ---《双城记》

例5：It is essential that you get a visa before you travel to the USA.

---人教版选修八Unit1

例6：It's essential that you be there.

---《绝望的主妇》 第五季

【短语互译】

1. essential elements                  

2. essential goods                    

3.essential to good health                     

4. 对...是必不可少的                     

5. 某人做某事是十分必要的                 

6. 有必要做某事                   

【翻译句子】

1.均衡饮食对每个人而言都极其重要。

2.给予飞行员最好的训练是非常重要的。

3.你有必要早点回家。

4.对我们而言了解传统文化是非常必要的。                                                           

key:

【短语互译】

1. 要素

2. 必需品

3. 对健康十分必要

4. be essential to/for

5. It is essential for sb. to do sth.

6. It is essential that

【翻译句子】

1.Keeping a balanced diet is essential for everyone. 

2.It is essential that our pilots be given the best possible training. 

3.It is essential that you should come home early.

4. It is essential for us to learn traditional culture.

8. alternative

[ɔːl'tɜːnətɪv]  n.&adj.  4次

【paraphrase】

adj. & n. something you can choose to do or use instead of something else

adj. (仅用于名词前）可供替代的；非传统的

 n. 可供选择的事物      

【formation】

名词复数：alternatives

【多元例句】

例1：As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.

---选B1 P55

例2：They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.

---2020·北京高考·七选五

例3：..., but many donators have rushed into fancy programmers without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.

---2019·江苏高考·C篇阅读理解

例4：He begins searching for alternative methods.

---《二战启示录》

例5："You refused. I have no alternative but to force you. DRaco, fetch Professor Snape." “可你拒绝了。我别无选择，只好强迫你。德拉科——把斯内普教授找来。”

  ---《哈利波特与凤凰社》

例6：Minibuses with seats for 12 passengers offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport.

---外研社版必修四Unit2

例7：In pursuing a dream, we might focus on only one way of making it come true, forgetting that there may be alternatives.

---20·北京高考·七选五

【短语互译】

1. alternative energy                  

2. alternative ways/approaches/methods                    

3. alternative suggestions                     

4. 除做...之外别无选择                     

5. 是......的替代物                 

6. 另类的生活方式                 

【翻译句子】

1.由于证据不足，警方别无选择只能释放他。

2.一定有解决这个问题的其方法。

3.我们在去野餐或者去乘船旅游两个计划中只能选一。

key:

【短语互译】

1. 可替代能源

2. 其他方法

3. 可供选择的建议

4. have no alternative/choice but to do

5. an alternative to

6. an alternative lifestyle

【翻译句子】

1.The police had no alternative but to set him free without enough evidence. 

2.There must be an alternative to solving this problem. 

3.We have the alternative plans of having a picnic or taking a boat trip.

9.root

[ruːt] n. &v.    4次

【paraphrase】

n. the part of a plant or tree that grow under the ground and gets water from the soil

vt. to grow roots.

 n. 根；根源；祖先；词根 vt. 生根；固定   

【formation】

第三人称单数： roots 过去式：rooted 过去分词：rooted 现在分词：rooting 名词复数：roots

【多元例句】

例1：For example, peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots.

---选B1 P56

例2：Stories like that are more common in parts of the world, where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.  

---2020·全国卷Ⅲ·C篇阅读理解

例3：Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code lines, beats, intervals, moving from

the root to end a song in a new key. 

---2019·江苏高考·D篇阅读理解

例4：It bores clear through it with its root. 它就会盘踞整个地球。 

---《小王子》

例5：Words often come from the same root.

---人教版必修二Unit2

【短语互译】

1. root and branch                  

2. at (the) root                    

3. root of all evil                     

4. 树根                     

5. 根除；连根拔起                 

6. 根本原因                   

7. 生根；扎根                     

【翻译句子】

1.金钱常被说成是万恶之源。

2.用土把植物的根盖住。 

3.袁隆平的老家在江西，他是在那里出生的。

key:

【短语互译】

1. 连根带叶的；彻底的

1. 本质上

3. 万恶之源

4. the roots of a tree

5. root out

6. root cause

7. take root

【翻译句子】

1.Money is often said to be the root of all evil. 

2.Cover the roots of the plant with earth. 

3.Yuan Longping's roots are in Jiang Xi where he was born.

10. aspect

['æspekt] n.     7次

【paraphrase】

n. one part of a situation, idea, plan etc. that has many parts

n. 方面；层面

【formation】

名词复数：aspects

【多元例句】

例1：What other important aspects of agriculture do you want to know about?

---选B1 P58

例2：The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis ( 重 视 ) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in   promoting social well-being.

---2021·新全国卷I ·D篇阅读理解

例3：We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe.

---2021·天津卷 ·D篇阅读理解

例4：I hadn't fully considered...all the aspects of marriage.我没有考虑周全......婚姻的方方面面。

---《唐顿庄园》第六季

例5：I told you can't regulate every aspect of our lives. 我告诉过你了你不可能控制生活的方方面面。

---《生活大爆炸》第十季

【短语互译】

1. essential aspects                  

2. beautiful aspect                    

3.change the aspect                     

4. 面目一新，呈现新局面                      

5. 积极方面                 

6. 令人担忧的一面                   

【翻译句子】

1.看问题要从各方面去看，不能只看一个方面。

2.我们要从各方面来考虑这项计划。

3.我们要考虑到旅游业的消极一面。

key:

【短语互译】

1. 本质方面

2. 美景

3. 改变局面

4. take (on) a new aspect

5. positive aspects

6. a worrying/disturbing aspect

【翻译句子】

1.We should look at problems from different aspects, not from just one. 

2.We should consider the plan in its various aspects.

3.We have to consider tourism's negative aspects.

11. characteristic

[ˌkærəktə'rɪstɪk] n.&adj.

【paraphrase】

n. a quality or feature of something or someone that is typical of them and easy to recognize

 n. 特征；特点；品质

adj. very typical of a particular thing or of someone's characer

 adj. 典型的；独特的   

【formation】

名词复数：characteristics

【多元例句】

例1：One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops.

---选B1 P50

例2：It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become       educated about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the  development of the local areas.

---2021·全国卷乙卷 ·语法填空

例3：She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them.

---2020·全国卷三 ·D篇阅读理解

例4：Indian blood was plain in her features, overbalancing the negroid characteristics. 她的面貌显然带着印第安人血统，这比非洲黑人的特征更突出。

---《飘》

例5：The sense of humor is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics. 幽默感与民族有着神秘莫测的联系。

---新概念英语第三册

【短语互译】

1. physical characteristic                  

2. personal characteristic                    

3. distinguishing characteristic                     

4. 主要特征                     

5. 重要品质                 

6. ...是...的特征                   

【翻译句子】

1.从来不发牢骚是她的特性。 

2.和善是他的特性之一 。

3.重庆的夏季就是炎热、晴朗。

key:

【短语互译】

1. 身体特征

2. 个人特征

3. 显著特征

4. main characteristic

5. essential characteristic

6. It is characteristic of sb. that

【翻译句子】

1.It's characteristic of her that she never complained. 

2.Kindness is one of his characteristics. 

3.Sunny, hot days are the characteristic weather of the summer months in Chongqing.

12. entirely

[ɪn'taɪəli] adv.

【paraphrase】adv. completely and in every possible way

adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地   

【formation】形容词：entire

【多元例句】

例1：Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely.

---选B1 P56

例2：The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (  水 管 ) worked.

---2021·新全国一卷 ·七选五

例3：We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food.

---2020·江苏卷 ·D篇阅读

例4：Fern spends entirely too much time in the Zuchermans' barn. 弗恩把太多的时间花在朱克曼家的谷仓了。  

---《夏洛的网》

例5：What if I could offer you another entirely unique experience? 如果我邀请你共度另一段独一无二的时光呢？

---《福尔摩斯基本演绎法》第一季

【短语互译】

1. entirely different                 

2. entirely new                   

3. entirely accurate                     

4. 完全出乎意料                     

【翻译句子】

1.漆黑的夜晚，风雨交加，电闪雷鸣，我完全被这种力量镇住了。(旧人教必修一U1)

2.他的母亲几乎全聋了。

3.那完全是另一码事。

4.整个村庄都被摧毁了，现在看起来和以前完全不同了。

key:

【短语互译】

1.完全不同的

2.全新的

3. 完全准确的

4. entirely unexpectedly

【翻译句子】

1.The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.

2.His mother was almost entirely deaf. 

3.That's an entirely different matter. 

4. The entire village was destroyed. It now looked entirely different from the previous one.

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